WK Law & Enterprise
Immediately after the shock brought on by the Liberian tanker Torrey Canyon” accident in 1967 off the United Kingdom coastline, member States of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) established a particular international regime aiming at ensuring adequate compensation for victims of pollution harm brought on by oil spills from ships. Claims for compensation for oil pollution harm (which includes clean-up charges) may possibly be brought against the owner of the tanker which triggered the harm or directly against the owner’s P&I insurer. An attempt is being created to locate an authority which is prepared to issue 1969 CLC certificates in the exact same manner as the United Kingdom authority will issue 1992 CLC certificates for ships flying the flag of a 1969 flag state.
The 1969 CLC entered into force in 1975 and lays down the principle of strict liability (i.e. liability even in the absence of fault) for tanker … Read the rest >>>
Disclaimer: IMO has endeavoured to make the data on this internet site as accurate as attainable but cannot take responsibility for any errors. B. that, where legally feasible in accordance with their national law, States Parties to the 1969 CLC accept CLC certificates issued by State Parties to the 1992 CLC as proof that a ship has insurance cover as required by the 1969 CLC. Note: The limits of liability below the a variety of regimes are primarily based on specified units of account (Particular Drawing Correct – SDR). Size is not relevant nor is there any provision in the Convention, as there is in some other conventions, such as the LLMC Convention in its art. These Parties that have not ratified the 1992 regime are nevertheless regarded Parties to CLC 1969.
Starting this week, I will be posting primers on the different provisions of the Family members Code of the Philippines For this week, the primer is on the fundamental provisions on marriage, particularly Articles 1 to 34. Please surf more than to Title I, Articles 1 to 54 which comprise the comprehensive provisions of the Family members Code on marriage. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (the Bunkers Convention) is adopted internationally. Compensation beneath the Fund Convention is supplied by oil cargo receivers in Contracting States and every contribution depends on individual import quantities. Its key functions are the similar as CLC 1969, but CLC 1992 differs in the amounts by which a shipowner may limit his liability. Panama has indicated that it would be ready to offer 1969 CLC certificates for 1992 CLC flag ships. The Protocol of 1984 to amend the CLC was … 
In addition, a detailed study of the Erika case reveals some of the rationale for several of the persistent capabilities of marine pollution liability regimes. Payments of compensation and the administrative costs of the 1971 IOPC Fund had been financed by contributions levied on companies in Fund Convention countries that received crude oil and heavy fuel oil after sea transport. The tanker owner is normally entitled to limit his liability to an amount which is linked to the tonnage of the tanker causing the pollution.
The structure of this Convention three differs from that of the CLC due to the fact there are no provisions on the limitation of liability of the owner, nor is it complemented by a Fund Convention. The 1992 Fund Convention established the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1992 (1992 Fund) to offer compensation for victims who are unable to receive full compensation beneath the Civil Liability Convention. NB: Because the advent of the 1992 Protocol it is no longer feasible for countries to ratify the 1969 Civil Liability Convention.